A Nation at War, A People Divided: The Fight Over Military Service
Among the most difficult challenges facing the Israeli government in its war against Hamas is the strain placed on its military reservists. Historically, Israel has not engaged in long, protracted battles. However, since October 7, 2023, the conflict has necessitated a prolonged reliance on reserve forces. Over 300,000 reservists—approximately 65% of Israel's military reserves—have been called to service, often for months at a time. Most Israeli citizens and permanent residents are drafted into the military after high school. While there are exceptions and exemptions, the general rule is that all must serve for a significant period. Before October 7, men over 18 served a minimum of 32 months of active duty, and women served at least 24 months. In July 2024, the mandatory service period for men was extended to 36 months. After their compulsory service, most discharged citizens remain eligible for reserve duty until age 40, or 45 in the case of officers. While certain exemption...